Kinds of Crystal

            Crystal is a solid atom, molecule, or ion constituent packed regularly and repeatedly widened pattern in three dimensions.

            In general, liquid crystals form when subjected to compaction process. In ideal conditions, the result can be a single crystal, which all the atoms in the solid "attached" to the crystal lattice or similar structure, but, in general, most of the crystals formed simultaneously resulting in polycrystalline solids. For example, most metals that we see everyday are polycrystalline.

            Crystalline structure which is formed from a liquid depends on the fluid chemistry itself, when the solidification conditions, and ambient pressure. Process of forming a crystalline structure known as crystallization.

Bismuth crystal

            Although the cooling process often produces a crystalline material, under certain circumstances the fluid can freeze in a non-crystalline form. In many cases, this occurs because the cooling is too fast so that atoms cannot reach its lattice site. A non-crystalline material commonly called amorphous or glassy material. Such materials are also sometimes referred to as an amorphous solid, although there are clear differences between solids and glasses. The process of forming a glass does not release heat melt types. For this reason many scientists consider glassy materials as liquids, not solids.

Insulin Crystals

            Crystal structure occurs in all classes of materials, with all types of chemical bonds. Almost all existing metal bonding on a polycrystalline state; amorphous or single-crystal metals must be produced synthetically, with great difficulty. Crystal ionic bonds can be formed during solidification of salt, either liquid or condensation of molten solution. Covalent crystals are also very common. An example is the diamond, silica, and graphite. Polymer materials generally will form crystalline parts, but the length of the molecules usually prevents complete crystallization. For example, this is the type of bond that unites the hexagonal patterned layers on graphite.

            Most crystalline materials have various types of disabilities crystalographic. The type and structure of these defects can be a great effect on the properties of the material.